Saliva particles transport during normal breathing through mouth and nose

Understanding how saliva particles move during normal breathing is essential for assessing airborne transmission risks in respiratory infections. In this study, we explore the transport dynamics of saliva particles during both oral and nasal breathing using computational fluid dynamics and Lagrangian particle tracking. The simulations reveal distinct dispersion pathways and deposition behaviors depending on the breathing mode, highlighting the critical role of flow structures in particle transport. These findings contribute to our understanding of respiratory droplet dynamics and can inform public health strategies, especially in indoor environments.